Calculating-machine.



'A. B ONTEMP I.

CALCULATING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED MAI. l1.19l4.- RENEWED FEES 7. ISIS.

1,302,501 Patented May 6, 1919; v 8-SHETSHEET z.

a :1 h X ii-l Inventor:

7 ysq A.BONTEMP|.'

CALCULATING MACHINE. r APPQICATIONYHLED MAILIIV. l'su. R-ENEWED FEB. 7.1916. ,302,501. I Patented May 6, 1919;

8 SHEETPSHEET 3.

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I J I I Inventor:

r I v 84 Atty;

A.v BONTEMPL, CALCULAT ING MACHINE: APPLICATION NEED MARL I1. 191% RENEWED FEB. 7. I Q'IG- 1,302,501. Patented Ma ,1919;

8 SHEETS-SHEET 4- Inventor:

A. BONTEMPI.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 11. m4. RENEWED FEB-1. ma,

Patented May 6, 1919-.

B SHEETS-SHEET 5.

I M BSHEETS-SHEETB- AFBONTEMPI.

, CALCQLATING MACHINE.

APVL ICATION FILED MAR. |1. 1s|4, RENEWED .1.1913.

Patented May 6, 1919.

A. BONTEMP I.

. CALCULATING MACHINE. I APP LICATIOI FILED KAI. I l. IBH- RENEWED. 8- 7| :Patented m 6 0 6 w A 8 0 M 1 n U m 1| A n E 1 PM u. I

Q I Inventor:

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

AUGUSTUS minimum, or coY'rEsvILLE, NEW JERSE ASSIGNQR TOQTHE BONTEMPI ARITHMO oonroaa'rron, OF NEW roan, N. A oonronn'rron on NEW YORK. I

CALCULATING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 11, 1914, Serial No. 823,866. Renewed February 7, 1916. Serial No. 76,796.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AUGUsrUs BONTEMPI, a subject of the King of Italy, and a resident of Coytesville, county of Bergen, and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Calculating-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relatesto machines for making mechanical calculations, and especially for the purpose of performing mechanically the operations of addition, subtraction and multiplication. Among the objects of the present invention are the improvement of devices of this character in numerous important features, affording a machine for such purpose which lcan be constructed readily and cheaply, with a small number of parts, and WlllCll will be substantial and notreadily put out of order, and which can readily and conveniently be set to perform the various operations, and is "constructed in such a manner that such operations may be performed without the necessity of undue attention or mental strain on the part of the operator and which maybe used alone as a complete mechanism or in connection with a typewriting machine.

Another object of the invention consists in the provision of a machine of this character of which the actuating mechanism is contained in a flat, low-down compartment, so that a typewriting machine maybeplaced thereon to be used 1n connection therewith and not be raised to an undue height.

Another object of the invention consists in the provision of a supporting means, which in one position will serve as a support for the calculating machine, and in another position may serve such purpose and also serve to support a typewriting' machine and insure operative registration thereof with the, calculating machine, the typewrit= ing machine being placed thereon and used in connection therewith, and without the necessity of resorting to the use of .fastening means for securing the typewriting machine in place thereon.

Another ob'ect of he invention consists in thearraingement of the actuating mechanism in such manner as that it may be operated from keys with which the calculating} machine permanently provided, or

from the keys of a typewriting machine placed thereon,at will! Another ob'ect of the invention consists in the-provisionof an improved escapement which contains numerous" advantageous features, among:others,.bein that it is adapted-to be received in the at, low down space available; the arrangement of the structure in such manner that the calculatingmechanism may be put. out of operation at will, and the number keys of a typewriting machine placedthereonbe used with out causing the operation of the calculating mechanism. i

Another object of the invention consists in the provision of actuating means including rotary elements having ri htline tangential facets with which sliding elements may cooperate to secure specified degrees of rotation and to leave the slidin elements free for further movementto efiect additional results, the inertia of the rotating elements being overcome and the rotating elements held in place by the sliding elements during the further movement of the latter.

Another object of the invention consists in the providing of such rotary elements with complemental facets so that slight bodily movement will bring one or the other opposite the slidable elements.

Anotherobject of the invention consists int-he provision of a calculating machine in which the operation of subtraction may be carried out by a slight change in the dispo sition of the parts and without the operator being: confused during the subtraction.

Another iobj ectof the invention'con's'ists in the provision of an apparatus in which the number wheels are continuously advanced in the same direction while the machine is be ing used for its various purposes of effecting the operations of addition, subtraction and multiplication. a

Anotherobjectiof the inventionsconsists in the provision of visible numeral carrying sectors which, after movement" in one .direction under theaction of the number wheels. are automatically shifted backward to reengage the number wheels for further movement under the actuation thereof.

Another object of-the invention=:consi'sts in the provision: of, shiftableconnections between the whens and sectors" and M means for controlling such connections in terposed between irthe number wheels and sectors and movable under the control of an operator to vary the position for shifting the connections controlled thereby.

Another object of the invention consists in the arrangement of such controlling means to also control the carrying from one number wheel to another.

Another object of the invention consists in the;- provision ,of means for modifying the action of the escapemcnt in a way to make it possible to carryoutthe steps in theoperation of multiplication, which operation is carried out by a novel modification of 'the ordinary process of multiplication which dispenses-with the mental step of carrying in computing partial products.

Anotherobjeet ofthe invention consists in lll'lG-lPP-OVlSlOll of amachine in which the eseapement may be returned upon setting to a column one lower than upon its previous re turn so as to adapt-the machine for use in the operation of multiplication.

Another object of the invention. consists in the provision of a single controlling means for effecting both of the changes required in adapting the mechanism for usein'multiplication.

Another object of the invention consists in theprovision of. an improved printing mechanism and an iniprovediarran'gement for operatively connecting 'the computing and printing mechanisms and 1 putting the printing mechanism out of use-when its use is not required.

The invention further consists in various other features of improvement which will appear in connection with the further description and be pointed out in my claims.

With the foregoing and related objects in view, my invention consists in the parts, improvements and combinations herein set forth andcl aimed, and it is to be understood that while I have illustrated and shall specifically describe one embodiment thereof, nevertheless: the -form of construction illustrated and described is for thepurposes of illustration and for aflondin a clear understanding of my invention on y, and that numerous departures from thesspecific form shown and various changes :therein m'ay be resorted to without departing from"m.y invention or sacrificing any of'the advantages thereof.

Referring now to the accompanying drawing forming apart of this specification and wherein the same =reference-eharacters are uniformly made 1188i of to designate the same parts, -Figure 1 is a perspective view of oneform of machine en bodying my invention. arranged for rose as t 3. self-contained calculatingzmafchinenpart of the-actuating mechanismzcoverbeing broken away'to. show the interior construction. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the machine shown in -l ig'.il, but with the cover plates removed and certain parts broken away for clcarness of illustration. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line 3-3, Fig. 2, looking in the direction of 'the arrows and showing the cover, plate in ted in this view. Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view showing the relation between the key controlled strikers and the master shaft of the machine. Fig. 7 is a view in perspective of a portion of the master shaft of the machine with a ring thereon bearing a pair of facets which cooperate with the key controlled-strikers, shown diagrammatically in Fig. 6. 8 is a plan view of a fragment of a machine embodying my invention, including the vmain escapement and a secondary escapement, which secondary escapement ismad'e use .of in the operation ofmultlplication. Fig. 9 is.-a' view on line 9 9, Fig.8, and-looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 10 is a fragmentary perspect1V8 V1(}W showing in perspective the parts which-appear in Fig. 8. Fig. 11 is an en-- largedplan-view of-a-lever shown in Fig. 8, andshowing the adjusted position thereof in dotted lines. Figs. 1-2, 13 ar1d 14 are views, partly in cross section, and showing three positions. of the controlling mechanism used in the operation of multiplication. Fig. 15

is a fragmentary perspective view of the a printing mechanism andthe parts for the operation and control thereof. Fig. 16 is a fragmentary perspective view showing the mechanism for imparting longitudinal movementto -the key-s of-the printing mechanism. Fig. 17 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 17-17- of Fig. 16.lo'oking in the directlon ofthe arrows, and also showing a part of the printing mechanism and its oper atin'gumeans. "Fig. 18'is a-fragmentary perspective view showing the part of an end wall of'the machine and illustrating the operationof certain control elements. Fig. 1.9 is a fragmentary perspective view of the ca]- cul-ating mechanism proper. and showing twoof'the elements'thereof and their relation to one another, the remaining elements being omitted for the sake of clearness. Fig. 20 is-anendwise view of=the parts shown in Fig. 19, certain of the parts being shown in section, the location from which thisview is taken and -the direction being indicated gcnerally by the line 2020, Fig. 2, and the arrows on saidffigure- Fig. 21 is a. detail perspective view, with parts broken away, of a numeral carrying sector and of the cam operated interconnecting mechanism arranged to slide on the arm of such sector. Fig. 22 is a detail perspective view of the number Wheel operating pawl and its actuating arm. Fig. 23 is a fragmentary detail perspective view showing the operation of the parts by which the slidable window in the cover over the numeral sectors, is actuated. Fig. 24 is a cross-sectional View taken on the broken line in Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrows, and showing certain details of the controlling mechanism, and the printing apparatus in cross section. Fig. 25 is a crosssectional viewtaken on the line in Fig. 24. Fig. 26 is a cross-sectional View taken on the line 2626, Fig. 25. Fig. '27 is a fragmentary perspective view showing the l'nechanism for feeding the paper of the printing mechanism. Fig. 28 is a View simi lar to Fig. 27, with some of the parts omitted and showing a different position of the parts. Fig. 29 is a plan view of a machine embodying my invention, with the sub-base thereof arranged for the reception of a typewriter to be placed thereon and showing in dotted lines the outline of a typewriter in place thereon. Fig. 30 is an end view of'what is shownin 29. Fig. 31 is a detail secitional view of a stop mechanism made use of in connection with the operation of multiplication, the different positions of a portion of such mechanism and its control being shown,

'asalready'stated, in Figs. 12,13 and 14. Fig.

32 isa detail'cross-sectional view on the line 3-2-32, Fig. 1. y

The frame work of the apparatus is indicated by the reference numeral 1, the right hand portion 2 thereof-looking from the front-containing the actuating apparatus, and the left hand part 3 being devoted to the calculating and-printing mechanism 1 and 2). "Covers 2" and 3 are provided for these a ser the machine, respectively. A thumb-screw 2*ina bracket 2 maybe used for securing the cover 2 in place. The part containing the calculating mechanism has cndwalls 4 and 4, the former serving as a partition between theparts 2 aild 3. The machine is arranged in such'manner that it may be used alone, asa self-contained calculating machinegor in connection with a typewriter, and in the form illustrated such change may be eflected by providing the machine frame' l with; a sub-base 5, having four legs '6, "one at each corner; These legs 6 are hollow and are partially filled, as with blocks of rubber or like material 7 ,7 leaving open end portions or sockets 8, 8.. When'the device is used alone .as a calculating machine, the cover 2 is permitted to remain inpla'ce, and the-.sub-basefi is secured'beneath the machine framel, as-by means of? screw" or other clan-115 9. with its legs 6 projecting downwardly as shown in. Fig!) 3-, 11,,

however, the device is to be used in connection with a typewriter, the cover 2 is removed, and th sub-base 5 is taken off and inverted, and then moved lengthwiseof the machine, as shown in Figs. 29 and 30, and two of the legs 6, 6, at one end passed up wardly through openings 10, 10 provided in. the machine frame 1 for that purpose, the two ren'iaining legs 6, 6, extending outwardly and upwardly from beneath the machine frame at its opposite end, in which portion the sub-frame 5 may be secured by the same clamp 9 in inverted position; Th

sockets 8, 8, in such position serve to receive the legs or standards of a typewriter, which arereceived therein. and rest upon the material 7, 7, within the sub-base legs 6. Other arrangements for receiving and positioning a. typewriting machine in place may, of course, be resorted to, that shown being of dimensions and form which will accommodate a known form of typewriting machine in general use.

The machine is of the type in which a single set or row of keys is used, which keys may be used selectively to give a number in any given column, an escapement being used to pass from'onecolumn to another. In the formshown, keys for producing the characters 0, 1, 2, 3, l, 5, 6, 7 8 and 9, are provided, but, of course, a different number of keys might be used, if desired. p

A shaft 11 extends throughthe right hand part 2 of the machine and has a bearing in the partition 4, and extends for-ashort distance beyond said partition into-part 3 of the; machine (Figs. 2, l5 and 19). A light spring l2 (Figs. 2 and 15) may be coiled about the shaft 11 and serves to return said shaft after-partial rotation to normal position where wit is stopped by connected parts to be referred to hereafter. The spring 12 also tends at all times to move the shaft 11 'endwise toward the compartment 3, or a separate spring may be-providedfor this pur- 1 principal part of the operation of the machine is securedby imparting definite partial rotations to the shaft 11-,- the degree of suchrotation corresponding to the key selected. The arrangement provided for imparting such partial rotation to the shaft 11 comprises a number of tangential-' facets formed on the 'shaft 11,'or on'parts secured in convenient manner thereto. In the construction shown (Figs. 3-7) said tangential facets are formed upon rings or sleeveslti which are secured to the shaftll at sepa rated points in its length, Each of'the rings or sleeves 15 has twoof the tangential facets l6 and 165 The facet 16 of each pair thereof (the one to the right)-- is madeuseof in the op'eratlon ofaddltion and multiplication, whiletheother facet. 16 ismade use (if-1n "thd bperttibn of time, upon I slight endwise movement of the shaft 11, as will be hereinafter explained. Set opposite the addition facets 1'6, 16 of the shaft 11 are the slide bars 17 which are mounted to slide in accurately formed guides 18, 18 in the part 2 of the machine frame, and are provided with rectilinear facets 19, 19 coacting with the facets16, 16. The facets 16, 16 are set or formed at varying angles upon the shaft 11, according to thedegree'gofrotation which is desired to be imparted thereto, and as is shown clearly in Fig. 6, the range of inclination running from 9 from the vertical, to 90 therefrom or substantially thehorizontal position, the inclination bet-ween the facets corresponding to successive numerals, being greater by 9 in each case, that is to say, the inclination of the facets to the vertical is 9, 18, 27, etc., up to 90.

As will be noted, the slidebar 17 and ring or sleeve 15 fort-he numeral .1 is duplicated. WVhen the apparatus is used in connection with a typewriter, which customarily uses the small letter 1 for the figure 1, it be comes desirable to provide a second set of facets and a second slide bar in such posi tion as can be operated from the typewriter key carrying the small letter 1.

The slide bars 17, which preferably are arranged with their working faces 19 in a substantially vertical position, are moved to slide them lengthwise by mechanism properly adapted to=this purpose. In the form shown, key levers 20, pivoted-on the shaft 20 and projecting from the front ofthe machine, and bearing keys 21 are connected 'with the slide bars '17, as by means of projections 22 thereon, fitting within the slots 23 in the key levers, such arrangement making provision for such slight movement 1ongitudinally of the key bars 20, as may be present. Springs, as 24, arev provided to normally hold the key levers 20 in elevated position. It will be seen that uponstriking one of the keys 2'1, the-slide bar 17, which normally is sufficiently high to give a slight clearance between it and the corresponding facet 16, is, :depressedfand comesin contact with the corresponding facet 16 of the shaft 11, and rot-ates *such shaft through anangular extent determined byv the normal angular position of the facet 16, and such rotation continues ,untilthe facet 16 and the working face 19 of the slide bar 17 are in rectilinear contact and rest-flat againstone another. The shaft '11 is'thus locked in its adjusted position so long as the slide bar is depressed, and the extended contact between the facet 1 6 and the Working face :19 of the slide bar 17, serves to establish alimit to the rotation of the shaft 11 so that, even if the slide bar is vigorously depressed, the inertia of the rotating shaft 11 cannot operate to. carry the shaft too far,as its rotation is positively terminated upon thefacet 16*and feee -19 ie'f the slide bar coming into straight-line con tact, as illustrated in Fig." 5; but, notwitlr standing the fact that the shaft 11 is held against rotation in either direction, the key lever and slide bar 17 may be depressed still further and any desired operation may be carried out by the parts connected with the slide bar 17 without causing any change in the angular position of the shaft until the slide bar 17 has been permitted to rise, whereupon the shaft 11, actuated by the spring 12, will return to thenormal position. It must be understood, of course, that while the right line contactingp-osition of the facets 16 and slide bars 17 is here illustrated as vertical, the particular arrangement may be varied andthe slide bars 17 may move in directions other than the vertical.

In order that the slide bars 17 may be actuated either by the keys 21, with which the calculating mechanism is permanently equipped, or by the number keys of a type writer when a typewriter is used in connection with the apparatus, (see Fig. 30) these slide bars 17 are preferably so arranged so as to be placed directly beneath the number key levers of a standard form of typewriter, and for this reason, in the form of construction shown, the slide bar, corre spondin'g to-the number 1, is duplicated immediately beneath the typewriter key lever bearing the letter L, and the shaft 11 is provided with an extra set of facets, corresponding tosuch slide bar. The slide bars 17 are provided with top bearing surfaces 17 extended in a lateral direction, as clearly "theshaft 11 is in such adjusted position, and

the shaft 11 may beshifted still further endwise, in which case the typewriter may be operated as usual and without affecting operation of the calculating machine.

In order that the operation of subtraction may be carried out as is hereafter explained,

the relation between the facets 16 and 16 of vertical is always equal to 90.

each set is'suoh that the sum of the angles formed by the two facets of a pair and the e For example: for zero the addition facet 16 is vertical, (the shaft 11 remaining stationary for addition of zero) while-the corresponding facet 16 is .horizontal, making an angle of 90 to the vertical; for the numeral 1 the addition facet 16 is at 9 from the vertical, whereas the-subtraction facet 16' makes an angle-of 81 from the vertical, and so on for the-rest. The facets 16 and 16"0f each pair therefore, stand at an angle to one another except in the case of the facetscorresponding to the numeral 5, in which case both facets of the pair lie in the same plane (see Fig. 6).

The calculating mechanism proper includes a plurality of sectors 25, .(of which nine are shown in the resent drawings) in CODJ'lOCtlOll with each oi which is provided a toothed wheel 26 (Figs. 19, 20 and 21). These parts and the related mechanism will be more fully described hereinafter. The toothed wheels are actuated by means of a pawl 27 so as to always be rotated in the same direction, as indicated by the arrow on Fig. 20. This pawl 27 has two movements; a rotary movement about the axis of the wheels 26, and a longitudinal movement transversely of the wheels 26. By means of devices provided for effecting such longitudinal movement, this pawl 27 may be brought opposite any given one of the wheels 26 and if, while in such position, rotary movement is imparted thereto, the wheel 26 will be rotated through a distance corresponding to the an ular movement imparted to the pawl 27 and the arrangements of the parts are suchthat, under normal conditions, the pawl 27 after having completed its angular movement, is moved transversely of the wheels. .26 to a position opposite the wheel 26 corresponding to the next lower order of figures. That is to say, the arrangements are such, for instance, that when the pawl 27 is opposite the wheel 26 corresponding to the millions, and a key is struck and the angular movement is imparted to the pawl corresponding to the key which is struck, thereupon by the operation of an escapement, the pawl 27 is immediately and automatically removed to a position opposite the wheel 26 corresponding to the hundred of thousands, and so on down the scale. The pawl 27 is mounted on a U-shaped frame 28 provided with a guide bar 29. The pawl 27, as clearlyshown in Fig. 22, comprises a spur 27, a short spur '27 at the opposite end, and an intermediate U-shaped portion 27 provided with openingsZT for receiving the guide rod, 29. An arm 30, curved in the form of the arc of acircle, passesbetween the legs of the U-shaped portion 27 and servesto' impart longitudinal movement to the .pawl 27. The pawl 27 receives its angular. movement from the fact that it is carried by ,thesframe 2 8, which is mounted to turn upon an axis coincident with the axes of the wheels 26 and longitudinally in line with theshaft 11. The shaft 11 carries an arm 2 31 which hasan opening 32 for receiving a.

pin 33 on the frame 28. This form of connection, as, will be,observed, provides for movement of the shaft 11 andarm 31,1;0 and away from the frame 28, and at the same time serves to impart rotation from the. shaft 1]; to the frame 28, and thereby to the pawl 27 carried by such frame. Since the arm 30 is curved on the arc of a circle which has its center coincident with the axes of the wheels 26, the pawl 27 is free to move into various angular positions, notwithstanding the fact that the arm 30 is alwa s straddled by the U-shaped portion 27 of t- .e pawl 27 As already noted, movement transversely of the wheels 26- is transmitted to the pawl 27 by means of the curved arm 30. This arm 30 is attached to a slide. bar 34 extending transversely of the machine at or near the bottom thereof, (see Fig. 19) and as will be apparent from the plan view in Fig. 2, this slidebar 34 which is guided by passing through an opening in the partition wall l, at its opposite end, has connected therewith, or is formed into, an eseapement bar 35 formed with notches 36-3 6 on its opposite edges, which, with co-acting arts, make up the principal escapement. ee Figs. 8 and 9). A bar 37, preferably parallel to the bar 35 and having notches 38, is provided and forms a secondary portion of the es capement for use in the operation of multiplication, and to which I shall have occasion to refer later. Extending transversely of the escapement bar 35is a slide bar 39 which is resiliently pressed in the direction indicatedby the arrow onFig, 10 by meansof the spring 40, such spring, as shown, bein connected to an upward extension 1 0, the slide bar 39 at one end, and at the opposite end to a stud 42 projectng upward from the base plate of the machine frame and received within the slot 43 in said slide bar 39. i r

The slide bar 39 (Fig. 10) is provided with tWo upstanding studs or lugs 42 and 43, one on each side of the escapem-ent bar 35, and at a distance apart equal to or slightly in excess of the depth from the bottom of one of the notches 36- on one side to the outer margin or edge of the corresponding notch 36 on the opposite side, and

-the escapement bar 35 is provided with a escapement bar may be out of line to an extent corresponding to the thickness of such studs or lugs 42 and .43, or, as is shown in-Fig. 10, the notches 36, 36 may bein line with one another on the two sides of the escapement bar, in which case the studs 42' and 43 are out of line to an extent equal to the thickness thereof. The bar 34, including the escapement portion 3-5, is moved in the direction of the arrovy on Fig. 2, by meansof a coiled spring placedwithin the barrel 47, and having connected thereto moved in'the opposite direction, that is, to

wardthe left, as seen from the front of the machine, to charge the escapement, by means of the thumb piece 51 (Fig. 1) which passes through the cover slot 51 and has attac'hed thereto a pointed indicator arm 52 placed substantiall Opposite the pawl 27 and1 'servingto indicate the position of the pawl 27 with respect to the series ofnumber wheels 26 by pointing to the corresponding sector 2-5, the thumb. piece 51 being secured directly upon the skeleton frame work 53 which is atta-ched ,to' a front extension piece 54, which in turn is rigidly connected to the slide bar 84 (Fig. 19). The frame-work 53 is perforated. or notched so that it may move 0h guide bar's55 and 56 secured to the machine frame. The extension 54 of the bar 34 carries a piece 57 terminating in a downwardly pointed nose 58', and which is devoted to use in connection with the operation of multiplication, and the purpose of which will be described hereafter. The frame 53 also has a projecting nose 59 formed thereon, which serves as a sto member, its operation also being hereina ter described.

The bar 39is actuated from the key levers 20, as-shownin Figs. 2, 4, and 8. Running transversely B neath the shaft 20 is a master bar 60 which is carried by arms 61 pivoted upon the shaft 20, serving also as a pivot shaft" for the keys '20. The central one of the three arms 61 by Which the bar 60 is carried is provided with an extension 62 which carries 63,, working in the slot 64:;on'an arm 65'of the bell-crank lever 66 which is'pivoted at 67tofan upright 68-Secured to the maohine fram e. The lower arm 69 of: the bell-crank lever 66 carries a'pawl,

70 pivoted to the arm 69 at 71, andhaving a stop pin 72 and provided with a leaf spring 7 3. for, returningwit to the positionjagainst said stop pin 72., Upon depression of the master bar 60 andarm 61' connectedtherewith, occurs when any one of the slide bars 17 I key levers 20' are depressed, the pawl 70, Working against the extensionfll of the slide bar "39, serves to move said'sl'ide bar 89 toward thefr'e'ar of the machine, which rearward motion is con tinned until the end of the pawl 70passes over the top of the upward extension 41 whereupon thfe'bar 39 released, andunder the actionofthe spring 40 itis returnedin the direction of the arrow on Fig. 10 until it again assumes the position shown in such figure, By this means the'bar 34, under an eiidwise tension from the main spring is 'permitted'to advance one stepateach operation of'any keylever 20, but such ad- I ssess-1 vance does not take place until at or near the ntia-ximum depression of the key levers 20, it being necessary for the lug 42 to move rearwardly far enough to clear the tooth ongaged by it before thc escapement bar 35 is free to be moved longitudinally. Such arrangement results in the pawl 27 being moved from a position opposite any one of the number wheels 26 to a position opposite the next lower wheel 26 (first to the right) after the wheel 26, originally opposite the pawl 27, has been turned through its appropriate angle.

As will be observed (Figs. 2 and 8), the bar 34 and the escapement bar 35 may be pulled in the opposite direction by the thumb piece 51' without hindrance from the lugs 42 and 43, since the lug 42', as the escapement is pulled in such direction, climbs the back of each tooth 36, carrying the transverse bar 39 and lug 43 along with it, and as the point of each tooth is passed, the spring 40 serves to return the bar 39 to the position shown in Fig. 10, and upon further pulling to the left, this operation of climbing the back of the teeth and being projected to the bottom thereof, by the spring 40, will be repeated. To move the bar 34L and escapement bar 45' in the opposite direction, however, it is necessaryto pull the transverse bar 39 against the spring 40, as has been explained, and as may be accomplished upon the depression of the keylevers 20 and th operation of the connected parts.

The sectors 25, which have already been referred to, carry base plates 73 (Figs; 2, l9 and 21), upon which are arranged, side by side, the numbers I9 and their complements, and also carry at each end a pairof zeros opposite one another. The numbers used of course, would differ if a different number than 10 keys were used. These numerals in the two rows are preferably of different colors, the right hand ones corresponding'to facets 16 may be black and the left hand complementary numerals corresponding to the facets 16 maybe red. These sectors 25 are formed with radial arms 74: terminating in hubs 75,-having openings 7 6 which turn upon the hollow shaft 77 arranged in the portion 3 of the machine housing and in line with the shaft 11. The numberof such sectors may be varied according to the number of figure columns us'ed. Corresponding to each of the sectors 25 is a number wheel 26 which is preferably provided with forty teeth 77", as shown, there being 10 teeth, with such arrangement, in each qu adrant of the number wheel, and'there being one spoke 78 for each quadrant. Ofl'course, a different number of teeth could be provided and the wheel made smaller or larger, as might be desired. The wheels 26,; like the sectors "25', turn freely'u'pon the shaft 77 and the spokes 7 8 thereof are each provided with sidewise ex- 1n me 1) 13d (1 thq coiiresponding to the next.

forward by the engagement ofthenose 86; on the slide 85 with one'of the lugs 7 90f the wheel 26. Whenthe wheel 26 has been moved to such angular extent that the stud .86 has passed 'overthe concent'nc portion-8h of the cam 80, which distance will be traversed' when the number wheel has 2 been moved through nine notches, the stud 86 comes into contact with the'hook 88, and

upon the next forward movement of'one which the nose 86 andsector 25have been pushed forwardup to such time, and thereby freed therefrom, and the sector25 is moved backward by the actionof its individual spring 93, with which each of such sectors are provided,'.and suc'hbackward movement of the sector 25 continues, the nose86'riding up out f the-notch 82 onto the concentrlc portion 81 of its cam 80, and thus'moving the slide 85 out until the nose 86 on the slide 85 comes into contact with the succeeding' nose 79 n the next spoke-of the, number wheel 26, whereupon it will be stoppedatsuch position and again carried forward until disengaged by the inward movementof the-slide 85,- causedby thenose 86 entering the notch 82, as already described. In addition to disengaging the nose 86 from the lugs 7 9, the inward movement of the slide 85 performs a second function,

namely, the pawl 87 during the inward movement of the slide85, comes into contact with the toothed periphery of the number wheel '26 nextliigher in the series, and moves it, and consequently thecorresponding sector-25, forwardthrough an extent equal to one notch, thus servingto carry the 10to the next higher wheel of the series, as will be understood, so that the number wheels 26 serve the function of total wheels of the accumulator on which the totals are set up and carried, while the sectors 25, hearing figures on their faces, are adapted to display the accumulated totals set up on the'total wheels. When not engaged in performing its transfer function the pawl 87 is held out ofcontact with the corresponding wheel 26 bymeans of the nose 8'6 riding upon the concentric portion 81 of the cam 80.

When it is desired to set all the number or total wheels back to zero it is onlynecessary to disengage the paWls' 88 by operating the handle 91- (Figs. 1 and'19), whereupon each of the sectors 25 will be returned to zer position by means ofitsspring 93 carryingit's'wheel' 26 alongby reason ofthe contact-between: the noses 86 and lugs 79,

at which position they will be 'stopped'by means of'the light tongues 96 on a rack 97 which normallyride over the noses 79"on the wheels 26,- and drop behind the same and serve to act" as a uniform stop for backward movement, in order to set the sectors all at (Wand the number or total wheels 26 in corresponding position.

This portion of the machine, as already stated, is covere'd by a cover'3' (Fig. 1). Such cover is provided with a slot 98 opposite the forward pair of zeros on the sectors 25when in normalposition, and behind this slot is a perforated slidable Window 99 Whiclris provided with a number of openin-gs- 100, just large enough t show one of the numerals on'the sector 25 therethrough. This window 99 has its openings normally opposite the left hand number on the sectors, but: may be moved longitudinally so as to cover the left hand numbers and uncover the right-hand 1 numbers.

For carrying out the operation of subtraction I" make use of the device of adding the subtrahendto the complement of the minuend and taking the complement of the'sum so obtained, the carrying operation, however, taking place between 10 and 1, instead of between9and 10, as is the case in the ordinary operation of addition, but, in orderto prevent confusion of the operator, I=provide meansforshifting the window 99 when complements are used so asto preventth'isfact from appearing. The change in the carrying operation is caused by turning the cams 80 through a space equal to one of the notches ofthe wheels 26, and in order that thisresult and the shifting of the window 99 may be accomplished by a single means, I provide connections between the window 99and themeans for moving, the earns 80, and so arrange the connections that when the cams-80 are moved to effect the modified carrying operation between 10 and 1, instead of between9and 10, the openingslOO in the Windows 99 will be opposite the'light hand, preferably the red figureson the sectors 25, and thereby the operator will not be confused, since themembers which will-appear through the windows will apparently be the same as for the operation of addition,- and while their complements are actually made use of, the operator will be unaware of this fact. In order that the operations requiring the use of complements may be carried out by means of the keys showing the numbers of which the complements are actually used, it is also necessary to provide meansfor longitudinally shifting the shaft 11 to bring the complement facets 16 before the slide bars 17 in the place of facets 16.

These'various results may be accomplished as follows: Extending through the hollow shaft 77 is a shaft 101 (Figs. 2, 18'and 19), which projects from the inner end of the hollow shaft 77 into contact with the end of the shaft 11. At its opposite end the shaft101=projects from the end of the machina and is provided. with a preferably knurled knob 102 (Figs. 1, 2 and 19). Slightly beyond the point where it leaves the i hollow shaft 77 this inner shaft 101 has sen cured thereto a disk 103 having a cut-away part 101 18 and 19), within which *thereprojects thepin 105 fastened on the ,arm 106 whichis rigidly secured to the hol lowshaft 77. Thearm 106 (Figs. 19 and 23)-isfprovided at itstop witha head 107 having aninclined slot 108'formed therein,

and the window 99 has secured thereto'a pin 109 which is received both in the slot 108 in g the arm 106 and also in the longitudinal latter turns therewith, and by the rotation of i g thelf. shaft '77: the position of the cams80 ;:1 thereon is changed in suchmanner that'the j 'carrying will takeplace betweenz and1- gain the mannernecessary for efiecting thev slot 110 in the cover 3, andwhich slot 110 servesas a guide forthe pin 109. It will be seen that angular movement of the arm 106 will be transferred into longitudinal movement of the window 99and that when the (arm 107 is moved slightly in the direction in which the'knob 102 is turned, the window 99 will be moved lengthwise, and will therefore cover one'set of'figures on the sectors and "uncover the otherset of figures, the extent of motioninduced by the inclined slot 108-being just suflicient for the purpose of transferring theopenings 100 in the window 99 from ovenone setof numerals to a position over the'complement set. it As the. arn1j106 is fastened rigidly to the hollow shaft 77, the

com lementary subtraction scheme referred to'a ove. The knob-102is provided-with an arrow111 which normally stands; upright as shown 'in'Fig. 1 and points towardthe let- 1 letters Sub, placed at. substantia' y 90 and at the forward side of the ,tion turnsthe disk 103 until the fromthe to 7 :machine in icate the 111, to which thekno 102 must be turned ters Add at the top of the casin The osition of the arrow forthe operation of subtraction. Such rotacut-awaygpart1O4' comesinto contact with i the pin 105, as is shown in Fig. 19. During the latter part of such rotation the pin 105, Whichis connected to the am 106 rigidly secured to the shaft 77, being moved by coming into contact with the wall of the cut- 1 away part 112, causesa sli ht turnin of 1 such arm 106 and shaft 77, t ereby pr noing the desired shiftingof both the cams and *window 99.

. "The endwise movement of the shaft 11 is preferably producedby means of a thumblever 113 which projects through a slot 114 in the end of the machine frame and is pivoted at 115 and is provided with-two extensions 116' and 117, the former substantially in line with the main. portion of the lever 113,"and the latter beingdirected upwardly (Figs. 1, 2,18,19 and 21). The extension edge of the -116terminates in a point 118 which may be received in a notch 119 in a lever 120 to be referred to hereafter in connection with the description of the printing mechanism. The

upward extension 117 terminates in a hori zontally extending cam-shaped" portion 121 which co-acts with the disk 103 on the shaft 101 (Figs. 18 and 24). If the lever 1131is I depressed sufficiently to move the point 118 to enter the notch 1190f the lever 120, the

disk 103 and the shaft-101 are displaced just,

enough to'move the shaft 11, whichis in contact with the endof the shaft101 projecting from the hollow shaft 77, longitudinally a suflicient distance to bring the facets 16',in frontof the slide bars 17 in place of the facets 16, and if the lever 113 is depressed to its full extent to throw the point 118 upward beyond the notch 120, the disk 103 and the shafts 101 and 11 are moved so far that both setsyo f facets 16 and 16 are moved to such an extent thatthe slide bars 17 no longer contact'therewith, and in such position the,

typewritin machine may be used without operatin .t e calculating mechanism; The

split lea spring 123 (Figs. 18, 24 and 32) is provided to hold the disk 103 and the shaft 101 in normal position whenthe cam portion 121 is out of contact with the disk1103. The" spring 12'serves to return the shaft 11 to normal positionwith thefa'cets lfij opposite the slide bars 17}when the lever 113 ;isfl

brought back to normal elevated position; In orderito revent rotation of the knob 102 A and the sha. t 101, except when the lever 113 isin elevated position, the shaft "10lisprovided with a laterally projecting pin 124 which may be received in the slots 125, 126

in the reinforcement 12'7ofthc end piece 128, of the machine frame and which are guarded by means ofpins 129 and 130 (Figs. 18, 24

'and'32). it H In'order to carry. out theoperationof traction, therefore, it is'only necessaryfor- 1 v the operator to move the knob 102 fromthe thumb lever 113 half way, and'write down I ,1 '10 add to the su b position, anddepress the the minuend in the ordinary manner, the carriage being initially set opposite the high est number to bew-ri'tten and progressing step by step to the right under theoperation of the escapement until the entire number is written. Theextent to which the number.

wheels and sectors are actuatedin such operation. is that corresponding to the complements of the figures in thejminuend,but this will be unknown to the operator, since the complementof the complement, "or the origi:

numerals through the window 99, and after the minuend isso; written the lever 113i is brought back to itsoriginal. elevated. posi-- nal' number, will be 2 exhibited it in the f red X tion, torestore the facets 16 to; positions opposite the slidebars 17, when the carriage is properly set for beginning the writing of pressed down half-way,

the subtrahend and the figures thereof are then struck in succession, whereupon the result of the subtraction will be indicated in the red numerals Which will appear through the window, the modified carrying for this operation having been automatically performed by means of the angular change in the position of the cams 80 and resulting from the movement of the knob 102. The remainder can then be recorded and the knob 102 turned back to normal add position and the numeral sectors brought to zero position by means of the handle 91.

For example, to perform the following simple subtraction:

the sub setting is made, the lever 113 is the carriage brought to the thousands column and the 8, 6, 3, 4 keys struck in succession, thus moving the thousands, hundreds, tens and units wheels and sectors into the same position as if the complemental numbers 2, 4, 7, 6 had been struck in ordinary position of the parts. The window, however, shows 8, 6, 3, 4 in red. The lever 113 is now brought back to its ordinary position, the escapement again brought to the thousands column, and the 3, 5, 4, 4 keys of the subtrahend are struck in succession. Except for the changed position of the cams 80 this would give an ordinary addition as follows:

and the red complementary figures on the sectors 73 appearing, the correct result 5090 is given, as will be apparent from reference to Fig. 2 and sectors 73 shown therein. Tracing this modified addition through, it will be seen that in adding the'unit column and obtaining thereby only a total of 10 the 0 only appears and nothing is transferred as the transfer device has not yet come into action. In the tens column, however,

a total of 11 is obtained and the transfer mechanism is operated, the new figure appearing in the tens column being one, and one being transferred to the next higher or hundreds column, and in adding the 5 to the 4 this one is carried, making a total of 10; This total being only 10 does not in volve any carrying or transfer, however, so that the 0 only appears. Only the 3 and 2 in the thousands column are added, making a total of 5, and in this way, by means of the changed position of the cam 80, a total is obtained, the complement of which is the correct result of the subtraction being performed.

As an additional example of the operation of subtraction, take the subtraction It has already been noted that with the setting for subtraction the transfer action does not come into action between 9 and 10, but the parts are shifted so that it'comes into play between 10 and 11; also that. the subtraction complementary facet 16' corresponding to the zero key is at 90 from the vertical, so that when the subtraction setting has been made, actuation of the zero key will result in a movement of the actuated toothed wheel and sector through 90 or 10 notches. By reason of the shift of the transfer mechanlsm, no carrying will take place, advance of still another notch being necessary for carrying and further, though 10 is set up on the toothed wheel zero will appear in red at the window. Having reference to the toothed wheels: then, they will be set up. as .follows on striking the digits of the minuend:

plained:

9 6 2 7 2 8 and the red figures set opposite these figures on sectors 73 (see Fig. 2) display through the window the correct result:

In carrying out the operation of multiplication the thing which ordinarily gives trouble is the mental operation of carrying which must be performed in writing down the partial products in the ordinary manner. I have found that if this portion of the work is eliminated, and .the operation of multiplication reduced to putting down the product of one digit by another without any' 'carryin and then adding up the results' so obtalned, it may be carried out with readiness and accuracy even by a person of understood that but few mistakes will be very ordinary intelligence, since the mere operation of multiplication of one digit by another is so extremely simpleand well made if the mental operation is confined w thereto. For example, in order that this may be readily understood, we may con= sider a simple problem in multiplation. If,

for instance, 458 must be multiplied'by 37,

I I the usual way is as follows:

'digitby digit, as fo ows:

in which the partial products have been obtained by an operation includin the'mental carrying. Thesame result mig t have been expressed by writin down all the products woowox which gives the same result. For clearncss I shall refer to the product of one digit by another as a small product. It will be remarked that the second small product is displaced one step to the right, and so the fol lowing products, and then on passing to n'iultiply by the second figure of the multiplier,,the products are shifted back to the i 1 leftfbut by one step less than was the case.

when multiplying by the firstnumber of the first n'lultiplier. This placing of these small products in proper 'columns and the addition of same, giving the result of the total multiplication, is performed automatically by, means of my improved mechanism, and: operator is'not called on to, do any carryin mentally. I g

To .e cut this result Irearrange the mechanism ordinarily made use of for the purpose of addition in two respects. First, 'I modify" the operation of the principal esaiiapement in" such \a manner that upon striking theffirst figure of the first small product, in the actioniof multiplying, the escapement shall; operate in the usual manner,"but that uponthe striking of the second figure of such small product,'the escapement shall not be operated so that'the subsequent figure struck, which is the-first figure of the succeeding small product, is placedin the same column, or in other words, is set up on the same number wheel as the last small product, so that ese two figures,struck y without operationpf the escapement, shall j i f tinued for subsequent small products, the} total efi'ect secured being that: the: escape ment shall alternately be actuated upon striking two figures thereafter in orderfito obtain the next actuation of the escapement; This will be apparent from the. arrangement figure in the precedin the effect of addingt bevsecured, and. this effect has to be conof the small products in columns in the oxample above given. If/Will be understood) that if any of the small productsis less than i i 10,. the space bar S: which operatesthe mass ter bar 60 by means of levers S ig s d fore the single figure is struck -th c serving the necessary. step no step' action'ofi the escapement,

It is apparent product, made uptof the small'xproducts in I j, multiplying by thesecond figure of the mill-1.

tiplier, will have tobegin one step to the 1 right from the point at which the vfirstfigure of the first small product made by multr-j plicationby the first figureof 'the muItip'lier is placed, and this is the second 50f the two effects tobe secured inadapting the adding mechanismfl to use in multiplication, These two modifications of the mechanism ordinarily used foradditionarepreferably i obtained through the use of awsingle actuatf ing means, and the same maybecontrolledi by a button 131 which, in the construction. illustrated, is used for actuating bothrthel mechanisms referred to, and ispreferably arranged adjacent to the thumb catch 51, the

operating controls jbeing desirably grouped together, so far as possible w An arrangement for securing the stoppage of the main escapement on its recharge one r column. short of. its previous point of' stoppage will be first described and is illustrated in detail in Figs. 12, 13, 14and31, andalso is shown to some extent in Figs. 1, 2 and 19.

The button 131 (Figs. 1 and 31) has a shank 132 extending through aslot 133 in theforvvard portion ofth'e casing cover 3 or of a separate part of the cover of the compartj I I ment 3, and is provided with a slide-plate 134 for covering the slot 133 and also for.

giving an extended bearing so'that' it may 3 slide smoothly. Attached to the shank 132 i 1 of the button 131 is aplate or bar135which is provided with a substantially V-shaped the extended partflhaving aflat upper surface 135;. Mounted for vertical movement in appropriate guide slots is the; transverse that the second partialf i notch 136, and beyond the notch 136 the p f. plate is extended fora short distance,

bar 137, and a leaf spring 138 tends to push the bar 137 in the direction of its length, in the form shown such direction being downward. An escapement bar 139 arranged transverse to the bar 137 and supported for lengthwise movement, as by a slotted bracket 3", is provided with a series of notches 139 on its opposite edges, comprising inclined portions 140, straight bottom parts 141, and right-angle shoulders 142, and the bar 137 is provided with lugs 143 and 144 on each side of the bar 139, and preferably offset slightly from a position opposite one another, as shown. The escapement bar 139 is actuated to move toward the right as shown in Fig. 31 by means of a spring 145 and is provided with a stop-piece 146 which extends in the path of the stop-piece 59 connected with the principal escapement bar 34, as shown in Fig. 19. Ordinarily, the stop 146 is set at the extreme left and serves to stop the escapement on recharge with the pawl 27 opposite the number wheel 26 of the highest order, and the escapement bar 139 is maintained in such position by the button 131 being moved to the right so that the lug 147 on the transverse bar 137 is supported upon the surface of the extension 135, (Fig.

14) thus preventing the bar 137 from moving transverse to the escapement bar 139 and maintaining such escapement bar 139 locked in fixed position with the stop 146 in position to permit the principal escapement to be fully charged. Upon arranging the device for use in the operation of multiplication, however, the button 131 is moved to the left so that the lug 147 of the bar 137 may enter the V-shaped notch 136 in the plate 135, thusleavingthe transverse escapement bar 137 free to be pressed downward by the spring 138. The beveled nose 58 on the bar 57, attached to the main escapement bar (Figs. 19 and coiiperates with the transverse escapement bar 137, when the same is released, by permitting the lug 147 to enter the notch 136, and as will be seen from the showing in Fig. 31, upon recharging the main escapement by moving the same with the nose 58 to the left, the bar 136 is held against the tension of the spring 138 so as to carry the lug 144 upward beyond the right-angled part 142 of the escapement notches of the bar 139,. whereupon the bar 139 is free to. move to the right until the lowerlug 143 on the transverse bar 137 comes in contact with the beveled portion 140 of the succeeding notch on the lower side of the bar 139, and then when the principal escapement is moved to the right, in writing down the small products making up the. first partial product, the nose 58 on the bar 57 is carried to the right beyond the bar 137, permitting it to be moved down by the spring 138 through the remainder of its range of movement, thus permitting the the lug completion of the movement of the escapement bar 139, and consequently of the stoppiece 146 carried thereby, through one step and assuring that when the main escapement is again recharged, before beginning the subsequent partial product upon multiplicatioii by the second number of the multiplier, the main escapement will be stopped with the arrow 52 one column to the right of the position at which it was set when the multiplication was begun.

The stop escapement bar 139, when the connected parts are in position for multiplication, (as shown in Fig. 12) may be moved to the left without being interfered with by the transverse bar 137, as the lugs of such bar are moved in one direction by the inclined faces of the notches on the bar 139, and in the opposite direction by the spring 138, and a projecting thumb piece 148 is provided for this purpose, its shank being permitted to pass beneath the front plate of the machine.

The means for causing the main escapement to skip one advancement every other step so that the traveling carriage will be advanced only one step in response to two key actuations, in order to properly position the columns of the small products so that their addition will give the correct product are also controlled by the button 131. This control is secured through the bar 150 which extends transversely of the machine (Figs. 8, 10, 12, 13 and 14) and is connected at its farther end to the apparatus for causing the intermittent loss of a step by the main escapement. The pivoted lever 151 has a notch 152 at its upper end, in which a lug 153 on the shank 132 of the button 131 may be received, and on its opposite end has a recess 154 adapted to receive a pin 155 on the bar 150. It will thus be seen that when the button 131 is moved to the right, as in Fig. 14, so that the apparatus is set for the operations of addition and subtraction, the bar 127 being held in elevated position by 147 resting on top of the plate 135, the bar 150 will be moved to the left, the direction of movement between the button 131 and the bar 159 being reversed by the lever 151. Fig. 13 shows the parts mid-way in the course of their movement from one posi.

tion to another, and Fig. 12-shows the parts in the position for the operation of multiplication, the bar 137 being freed from the supporting surface 135' as already explained.

The parts making up the device for intermittently putting the main escapement 35 out of operation are mounted upon a plate 160 (Figs. 2, 8, 9. and 10-) pivoted at 161 to the machine base and here shown as T- shaped in general outline. J ournaled upon an upwardly extending bracket 162 of the plate 160 is a toothed wheel. 163 adapted, 

